The first year of a child's life is accompanied by intensive development. When a baby is born, he can only scream, by the full 12 months, character traits begin to form.
In one year, a personality begins to form
Before inviting guests who, in the morning, wrote congratulations to parents on the first year of their baby, you need to understand: this is a very responsible period, so you need to be able to properly care for a child of this age.
What a child should be able to do at 1 year old
The development of children is a purely individual phenomenon, and even recently it has been going a little slower than 10-20 years ago. The norms are set only statistically, so there are many children who mature later than the described dates. In general, at 1 year old, a child can:
- Stand holding on to the support;
- Sit;
- Repeat simple steps for parents;
- Take the first steps;
- Build towers, small pyramids;
- Scoop up water;
- Rub objects.
The baby is crying
Important! One-year-old children usually explore the world by feeling the surrounding objects.
Development norms
On average, by the year the growth rate is 1.5 centimeters per month. After 12 months, the pace slows down. The rate of weight gain at this age is 350 grams per month. A one-year-old baby is approximately 72-77 centimeters tall and weighs 10-11 kg.
For boys
According to domestic pediatricians, the height of boys is from 72.3 to 79.7 centimeters, and the weight is from 8.9 to 11.6 kilograms. The head circumference is normal - 45.3-48.6, chest - 46.1-52.5. According to the WHO, these values fluctuate in a slightly larger range.
For girls
Height varies from 71.4 centimeters to 78 cm, weight - from 8.5 to 10.8 cm. Head circumference - 44.2-47.3 cm, chest - 46.3-51.4 cm.
What does a child look like in a year
A one-year-old baby is already much less like a baby, its proportions are more like children.
Baby is celebrating its first birthday
Physical data of the child at 12 months
Despite the fact that the pace of growth and weight is slowing down, the appearance of a one-year-old child is still actively changing. The baby becomes more alert, so most of the energy is not stored in fat, but is burned. Teeth appear in a twelve-month-old baby. Their number ranges from 6 to 12 or even more. The gums can hurt as the teeth grow. This process is sometimes accompanied by temperature. Also, the crumbs often drool profusely. This is a variant of the norm.
Attention! Although the baby is already able to confidently lie on his stomach and crawl on his own, it is important to understand that each child is different.
Boys are traditionally larger on average than girls. But a particular baby may be larger and heavier than a baby of the same age. This should not be a cause for concern. The child's muscles are already strong enough to stand with support and climb stairs with the help of a parent. One-year-old children are very fond of climbing the peaks, so you need to take care of their safety. You should not leave open windows in rooms where the baby is without parental supervision, it is better to keep the baby away from sockets, wires and other dangerous objects.
Psychological development of a child at 12 months
The formation of the personality of a one-year-old child is going on at an active pace. At this age, the baby can already:
- Open and close doors, drawers in cabinets.
- Putting things in a box.
- Throw balls and roll them on the floor.
At this age, the baby actively imitates the actions of an adult, although at times it may not obey him. One-year-olds keep pulling everything into their mouths to learn the taste of things.
One year old baby communicates
At this age, the speech and emotional sphere is actively developing. The child can laugh, get scared, cry. Facial expressions are also formed. Children know how to meaningfully speak simple words consisting of two identical syllables (mom, dad, kaka, baba and others). The child understands quite well the intonation of adults and some of the words they pronounce. The kid learns to hum even earlier, but by this age the intonations acquire a specific semantic coloring.
Important! The child develops the first skills of self-care. He learns to eat on his own, drink from a cup, undress. When appropriate, attempts to do so should be encouraged.
When a child turns 1 year old, a crisis occurs. It is expressed in the first attempts to separate from parents. At times, the baby behaves quite stubbornly, until he gets the right amount of attention. In this case, the child reacts strongly emotionally to the comments of adults.
At 12 months, the following age-related neoplasms appear, describing why a crisis of one year occurs:
- Walking. When a child is 1 year old, he learns to walk. This opens up new opportunities for the baby, since he can pick up the necessary thing and perform any actions with it. Items used by adults are especially attractive to crumbs. But some of them can be dangerous, so parents forbid using them. For crumbs, such warnings are a command to act the other way around. The child learns to understand his desires and achieve goals.
- Autonomous speech. The little one is slowly moving from babbling to real language constructions. But until a child has learned to speak like an adult, he is often not understood. This causes a negative emotional reaction in a baby who is one year old.
- Motivating views. When a baby is one year old, he acquires the ability to form images in his imagination and act in accordance with them. LI Bozhovich calls them motivating representations. The kid becomes less dependent on momentary stimuli. When the baby turns one year old, it is much more difficult to distract the child with some object, since the baby will act in accordance with her target constructs.
- Self-concept. From the second half of life, the ability to perceive one's actions as the cause of the results obtained appears, this is how the self-image is formed. The kid begins to recognize himself in the mirror. For example, if you put a bandage on the forehead of a one-year-old boy or girl and show the child his reflection, the baby can note this and try to remove the negative, according to the child, object. That is, the baby is able to perform actions directed at himself. The same behavior manifests itself when dealing with adults. Baby tries to copy the actions of other people at a given age.
Important! A child may be at risk for autism if they are not good at mimicking gestures (such as goodies), avoiding eye contact, and not responding to an adult.
Hearing and vision of a child at 12 months
By 12 months, hearing and vision should have passed the last stage of development. Already at the end of the ninth month, the baby sees almost the same as adults. At the age of one, he is attracted by bright and contrasting colors. The kid knows how to determine the distance to the object, is able to distinguish close objects from distant ones, recognizes familiar faces.
At the same time, his ability to coordinate vision and muscle work is not yet sufficiently developed. He may not understand where to put an arm or a leg, and because of this, he looks rather ridiculous. It will pass over time.
Educational games at 12 months
When your baby turns one year old, you need to actively play with him. Entertainment should be chosen so that he develops his skills. In the process, it is necessary to build a trusting relationship with the baby. Games should be aimed at studying the world around, training movement coordination and improving speech skills. The following exercises have shown themselves well:
- Repeat. The game is aimed at the development of babbling. The baby's task is to pronounce the syllables spoken by the adult or by himself. To get a response from the child, you need to repeat them several times.
- Hide and seek. The game is capable of developing spatial perception and memory. The parent hides behind a chair or closet, after which he looks out and calls the baby. After some time, the baby begins to repeat after the adult. Then the game needs to be complicated - just call the baby. This increases the ability to navigate by sound.
- Dancing. Any music game develops a sense of rhythm. You can run the melody on your computer or buy toys. The parent shows the baby what to do, and he tries to dance to the music. Melodies can be alternated, replacing cheerful compositions with calm ones. At the same time, her pace should not be too fast for the child to keep pace with the rhythm.
- You can try to spin.
Child's books and toys
1 year - it's time to pay money, buy and donate a book to a year-old. This is how the love of reading is formed. Thematically, literature is selected so that the child is interested. The main criterion at this age is a large number of bright color pictures. The kid can scoff at the first books in every possible way: take in the mouth, gnaw, bite, tear. Therefore, it is important not to buy too expensive copies.
One year old cutie
Toys can also develop a child. For example, a kid often likes the following items:
- Ball.
- The pyramid. This toy is a unique invention. It trains fine motor skills, intelligence, ability to distinguish colors, perseverance. Nowadays, a large number of types of pyramids have been created, including unique ones, capable of emitting sounds with different bizarre shapes.
- Cubes.
- Wheelchair car.
At this age, it is important not to let small objects play. All kinds of constructors, puzzles need to be hidden from the eyes of the crumbs.
Eating and sleeping
At the age of one year, the baby hardly feeds on breast milk or formula. Feeding usually occurs in the early morning and late supper. All other meals are an adult diet adapted for the child. Also, the stores sell ready-made meals adapted to the characteristics of the body of a one-year-old child.
The composition of such products is different: meat and vegetable purees, baby cookies and others. The number of meals is the same as for adults: breakfast, morning snack (if necessary), lunch, afternoon tea and dinner.
The sleep time of a one year old child is usually about 14 hours. At night, the baby sleeps about 12 hours, the duration of the daytime sleep is two hours. The time of wakefulness depends entirely on the individual needs of the baby's body in one year.
Thus, 1 year is the period when the little man ceases to be an infant and enters a new period of his life.
