Developing activities for children 2 years old

Living in the environment of society, children are literally doomed to development, but if you let it go, the process can be very delayed or even go down the wrong path. The modern world requires a child to develop as quickly as possible and assimilate a huge amount of information and skills, so it is simply necessary to guide him.

Many parents leave this task at the mercy of educators in nurseries and kindergartens, however, they themselves could take on part of the task. It is quite clear that the child will develop faster if you do this in kindergarten and at home, and not only in kindergarten, so parents should pay more attention to ways of developing their baby.

Development tasks at this age

It is possible to determine the development tasks based solely on existing skills and abilities. At two years old, the child is already radically different from the newborn, but at the same time, each baby is individual, so it is impossible to guarantee the achievement of a certain level. In this case, some common directions where the pedagogical efforts of both kindergarten teachers and the parents themselves should be directed:

Speech. A two-year-old baby is probably already able to speak some individual words, but some are limited to this, while others are even able to convey some simple thoughts, such as the desire to eat. In any case, the current level is completely insufficient to fully integrate into society or at least go to first grade, so it is very important to teach a child to speak - at least in order to understand him himself.

General and fine motor skills. At two years old, children can already walk and run on their own, as well as hold any fairly light objects in their hands, and yet they have practically no dexterity. Their movements look uncertain, they are capable of constantly dropping things from their hands, and any task that requires high precision and accuracy will be impossible for them. Improving motor skills is necessary both for greater comfort and safety of the child.

Attention. The consciousness of a two-year-old is absent-minded - usually he is not interested in something that does not attract attention by itself. Nevertheless, the ability to concentrate is very useful both for study and for many types of work in the distant future.

Abstract thinking and fantasy. Imagine for a second that you are completely devoid of imagination - that is, you cannot even visually imagine a well-known object if you do not see it at the moment. Would such a person achieve much? But for two-year-old children, this very characteristic is in many ways relevant - more precisely, they simply do not have a large number of familiar objects, they are just beginning to study this world.

In the future, a good development of these qualities will allow you to achieve a high level of inventiveness and the ability to invent something completely new.

Creative. The child's success in the creative field allows him to assert himself, increase his own self-esteem, and even find new acquaintances. At the same time, it is not necessary to become an outstanding master, because creativity can be not only a profession or the meaning of life, but also just a pleasant pastime. Even if you personally consider creativity a waste of time and effort, please note that it perfectly develops the same memory and motor skills.

Social development. Being overly shy in the modern world is a disadvantage, but inappropriate self-confidence will not be a plus either. The child should be able to behave in society, understand generally accepted rules and not break them, be polite and not offend other people. Already in two or three years this will give a result in the form of the first kindergarten friends, but in adulthood, the ability to win over strangers can become truly invaluable.

Supporting materials

It is quite obvious that only brilliant parents can independently come up with a whole set of exercises for the development of a two-year-old child, so you have to rely on a whole range of supporting materials, which fortunately exist in a huge variety:

First of all, books can help in the development of a child. Mostly such publications are designed for parents, because two-year-olds a priori cannot read; they can detail popular development programs, for example, Montessori techniques that have been used by professional educators and educational centers around the world for over a century.

If the book also contains pictures, then it may still be of immediate interest to the baby - some experts argue that it is possible at this age to start teaching a child to count, showing him pictures with a digital designation of the number of objects on them.

An alternative to books in our technological age can be programs that can now be found on the Internet or purchased on disc. They can more clearly show tasks and exercises that would help the child to achieve better success in their own development. In a sense, even ordinary cartoons with a fairy tale plot can fulfill this function, although the pedagogical role is, of course, different in each case.

Supporting materials can be issued in the form of a whole set of different means, fully revealing a specific program. In particular, from the age of two years, it is already permissible to use educational board games, which may include cards and chips, as well as books describing the pedagogical effect of typing, and a multimedia component in the form of a disc.

A computer, by the way, can become an excellent auxiliary tool not only due to the ability to play videos, but also as a way to run electronic educational games.

Creative exercises can also be of great benefit. The classic and familiar version is poems learned in kindergartens. They perfectly develop children's memory, and most importantly, they make the child repeatedly pronounce the learned words, improving pronunciation; children's songs have the same effect. All this can be bought in the form of a collection book, or found individually on the Internet.

Coloring pages and crafts They contribute, first of all, to the improvement of the child's fine motor skills - thanks to them, he will learn much better to control his fingers and perform any fine work. In addition, completing such tasks greatly contributes to the development of imagination, which can make a great engineer or writer out of a toddler.

Dancing also perfectly develop motor skills, but now rather large ones. They allow the child to gain confidence in their movements, and ideally even make them graceful and beautiful. Nowadays, manufacturers produce special dance rugs that stimulate the baby to move not chaotically, but in a strictly specified direction.

Child psychologists are well aware that the child does not yet realize the usefulness of achieving the set goals, therefore, he will resist attempts at development from the outside, unless he is interested. This can be done only by giving the process a game form, so all the solutions presented look like games, but they certainly carry a deep developmental subtext.

It should be noted that none of these means is perceived by children as routine.

Development classes

Purposeful efforts to develop a child will give a much more significant result than spontaneously arising situations that require a certain self-development from the child. Children look much more developed among those parents who are aware of their own responsibility for the development of the baby, and have thoroughly approached the study of the corresponding pedagogical methods. There are hundreds of ways to improve the basic skills of a 2 year old, we will briefly consider only the most popular, which should be in the arsenal of all young parents.

Speech

Getting your child to speak regularly is essential for speech development. Practice shows that children brought up at home do not use speech very actively, limiting themselves to the minimum needs - to ask for food, turn on a cartoon, and so on. Some people generally limit themselves to crying, and they are not talking about a full-fledged expansion of their vocabulary.

Usually the child's speaking activity is stimulated by studying nursery rhymes and songs. The kid is interested in this due to the fabulousness of the plot, as well as because of the undisguised approval of adults who admire each new piece of work learned; Sweets can be a very specific reward for success.

As a result, the child will at least begin to speak more clearly, as a maximum - he will learn a few new words and will more actively use speech for communication. In general, you can not invent anything, but simply communicate more with the child, asking him various questions. Even if the answer is monosyllabic, it will still contribute to achieving the desired result.

Attention

The development of attention is facilitated by simple games that do not require any additional purchases at all and are available in absolutely any situation. The simplest example: go with the child to the window and ask him to find and show the green car. Or let him find some detail shown in the picture. You can also develop associative thinking in parallel by asking the child to find not a specific object, but any objects that have a common quality - the same color, shape or any other characteristic.

You can buy a game of this type - most likely, it will contain cards of different colors, shapes and patterns, and the task of the little player will be to find cards with certain qualities.

General and fine motor skills

Various creative tasks are well suited for the development of general and fine motor skills. In particular, modeling from plasticine and drawing, as well as crafts and puzzles, are of great benefit for the development of fingers. At this age, the baby is unlikely to blind or draw something worthy of attention, however, the meaning is not in creating a masterpiece, but in gaining confidence in movements, so even a banal kneading of a piece of plasticine will be beneficial.

It is also a good productive solution to connect the points with lines to get a real drawing.

You can even just teach your child something useful, like washing hands under the tap. Any active movement exercise, both dancing and outdoor games, is well suited for developing gross motor skills.

Abstract thinking

The concept of abstract thinking may seem too complicated for children as young as two years old, but at this stage it means simply studying the properties of objects. The kid is still poorly oriented in distinguishing between soft and hard objects, their quantity, color, and so on.

To improve the understanding of all these things, a large business board - a board with attached samples of various mechanisms and materials... In this case, it is imperative to pronounce the names of certain characteristics to the baby, and then ask him to indicate only soft objects or only hard, or large, or cold, or wooden objects.

It is very important to teach the child to distinguish objects by shape, and food - also by taste and smell. In addition, the baby is already ready to distinguish between the same and the different.

Creative development

Creative development will not yet give actual creative results, but it will contribute to the improvement of other useful skills. Creativity, be it music or painting, develops memory well, because the child has to keep in mind what he is trying to reproduce. It also generally stimulates thought processes and imagination. If creativity involves the active participation of hands (for example, drawing or sculpting), then it also contributes to the development of fine motor skills.

Social development

The social development of a child is to teach him how to behave in society. At the age of two, the minimum tasks are set - to give the baby an idea of greeting, farewell, gratitude and politeness in general. Some psychologists recommend even at this stage to let the child play such games where there are winners and losers - so that he learns to lose with dignity.

In general social communication skills are best developed in a wide social circle, therefore, here parents are more likely to give a general direction, while details are much better told in kindergarten, where children also get an excellent opportunity to consolidate what they have learned in practice.

Fantasy

The timely development of fantasy will greatly contribute to the general acceleration of thinking and broadening of horizons. Various role-playing games are best suited for the task. - those where the child is supposedly in the place of someone else. To be honest, for a two-year-old age, this is most likely too difficult yet, but you can try to invite the child to imagine himself in the place of a fairytale hero, if it is a boy, princess or a doctor, if it is a girl.

For greater naturalness, you can buy toy attributes of the one in whose role the child will try to get used to in the store. Thanks to this, you can get a completely unexpected result: for example, children are massively afraid of doctors, but at the same time they like to play with children's medical kits, and as a result of such games, the fear of doctors recedes!

Expanding the range of concepts and getting to know the new

The world of a two-year-old child is mainly limited by his apartment, at best, supplemented by a playground and a nearby park. This does not allow him to learn all the concepts necessary in life, even if they seem elementary to adults.

remember, that there is practically nothing that you would learn completely on your own, not from the words of other people, not from books and TV shows, that is, you received almost all the information about the world around you from someone, so now it's time to share it with your baby.

Show and explain literally everything around the kid. Explain the purpose for which each room and each piece of furniture in the house serves. Take your child to the store and show him where all the delicious food that he eats every day comes from. Take a ride with your child in a car or public transport, take a walk with him somewhere far from home and show him what he has not seen before. Take the little one to the zoo or show the aquarium.

Tell us what a family is, how it is formed. Try to explain what mom and dad do, and not necessarily in terms of professions - you can even just use the example of cooking, washing dishes, cleaning the apartment. Tell us what professions are in general and why they are needed. Teach your child the names of different body parts.

Try to make the child involved in the topic, try to have a mutually interesting conversation, otherwise the child will forget everything.

Do not speak in abstractions, find an opportunity to visually show the children what you are talking about - not on a blue screen, otherwise they will then perceive it that way, but either in a real performance, or at least in a toy.

Do not expect that the little listener will instantly grasp the essence of the matter, you will probably have to repeat to him what you have said before, but in any case he will remember some new words, broaden his horizons, and over time he will use all this knowledge to build a completely meaningful conversation.

Approximate plan for a week

Parents, who are especially zealous in their child's development, tend to draw up an exercise plan for the week, which is largely correct. This will help not to overload the baby, developing it evenly, without bias towards any one quality, and also ensures that you fully ensure the development of the child. In this case, the character and temperament of the baby, as well as his strengths and weaknesses, should be taken into account.

In no case should you take a plan once drawn up by you or someone else as a constant - closely monitor the process and evaluate the resultsto quickly adjust the schedule.

When guiding the development of the child, do not drive him into too rigid a framework - sometimes the little one will want to play not in what you offer, but in something else, and he should also have such an opportunity.

When drawing up a plan, especially make sure that the load on different days is approximately the same in volume. Carefully select a variety of tasks - for example, you can and should know the world around you every day, but come up with at least 5-7 different ways to do this, and do not start the circle again until you have completed it completely.

Tips

There are some simple tips, non-compliance with which can completely negate the expected positive effect of the exercise. Be sure to stick to these rules:

Knowledge is always acquired better if the student himself is interested in this, not them being forced into him. A two-year-old is only interested in learning as a game, so find a way to keep him interested. If the child does not show interest in the game at all, at the moment or in principle, do not even think to force him - you will only make it worse.

In fact, at this age, very little time is devoted to classes, because the child's concentration is achieved for no more than a few minutes, after which the task must be changed. Nevertheless do not rush the kid and do not complete the task for him - he must learn himself.
The fact that such a small child cannot get a task that seems elementary to you is normal, and scold him for this, as well as for unwillingness to study, Absolutely forbidden, otherwise, he will develop an aversion to this occupation.