With a healthy pregnancy, there should be no blood from the genital tract. The appearance of this symptom can be a manifestation of rather dangerous pathologies. In any case, bleeding from the genital tract during pregnancy is an important reason for immediate medical attention.
Why does blood appear during pregnancy?
Obstetricians-gynecologists believe that a variety of reasons can lead to the development of bleeding during the gestation of a baby. They can be triggered by emerging disorders both in the mother's body and in the baby.
Pregnancy is the most interesting time in a woman's life, invented by nature. A new little life grows and develops in her body. The baby and the mother have the same blood flow system. The baby receives nutrients and oxygen through the general system of blood vessels. His arteries and veins will begin to function much later.
Unobstructed blood flow is a prerequisite for the development of a small embryo. Only in this case it fully grows and develops, and all its internal organs are laid down properly. Disturbances that arise in the general uteroplacental blood supply system can lead to dangerous conditions for both the expectant mother and her baby.
It is important to note that pathologies of the general blood flow system can be acute and chronic. Suddenly frolicking conditions are accompanied by the rapid development of numerous symptoms. In this case, immediate medical attention is required.
Untimely medical care can lead to dangerous conditions for the mother and her baby.
Chronic forms of bleeding are accompanied by the development of symptoms that are already less pronounced. The danger of such conditions is that a pregnant woman is constantly losing blood.
This leads to the fact that a rather dangerous pathology arises in her body - anemia... The lack of hemoglobin and iron has a negative effect on the intrauterine development of the baby. In the future, this provokes the development of anomalies and structural defects in many internal organs in him.
In the early stages
Doctors note that the most dangerous periods during the gestation of a baby for the development of bleeding from the vagina are the first and third trimesters of pregnancy.
By type, hemorrhages are uterine or vaginal. It is important to note that bleeding from the uterus is usually more dangerous for women.
After examination by a gynecologist
Quite often, during the first half of pregnancy, the expectant mother may experience minor discharge from the genital tract. They often occur after examination by a gynecologist.
Typically, such discharge is characteristic of 16-17 weeks of pregnancy. A transvaginal ultrasound scan performed at 12 to 20 weeks can also cause scarlet blood droplets to appear on underwear.
The appearance of such symptoms causes a real shock in the expectant mother. You shouldn't panic! Such symptoms are quite common and are associated with any minor traumatic damage to the mucous membrane. They usually go away completely in a few days. If these symptoms do not disappear, then then you need to contact your doctor.
Many women in early pregnancy report that they notice a slight bleeding from the vagina within 3-4 days. As a rule, such a release of blood was in the first three months from the moment of conception of the baby. This feature is due to the peculiarities of female physiology and previous menstruation.
Quite often, this situation occurs in expectant mothers who have any dyshormonal disorders in the reproductive system.
Embryo implantation
Implanting a small embryo into the wall of the uterus can also contribute to the development of severe uterine bleeding. This is manifested by the fact that blood clots begin to stand out from the female genital tract. Their appearance causes a real shock in a pregnant woman, because, as a rule, she does not yet suspect that she is expecting a baby.
After intercourse
The appearance of blood from the genital tract after sex is also a fairly often recorded situation. Expectant mothers should remember that such activities should not be avoided. However, you should choose more gentle positions for intercourse and reduce its intensity so as not to harm the baby. This recommendation is suitable for absolutely all expectant mothers, especially those with chronic diseases of the female genital organs.
Cervical erosion
Erosion of the cervix is another cause that can lead to the appearance of blood. It is important to note that this pathology most often manifests itself in the first half of pregnancy. This is largely due to the changing hormonal background of the expectant mother.
After sex or a careless clinical examination by a gynecologist, a woman may see drops of blood on her underwear. In this case, it is imperative to discuss further tactics with the obstetrician-gynecologist who is observing her. Quite often, doctors choose expectant tactics and carry out erosion treatment after childbirth.
Sexually transmitted infections
Sexually transmitted infections can lead to severe inflammation in the uterine cavity. During pregnancy, the immunity of expectant mothers is significantly reduced. This leads to the fact that the spread of the process can be rapid. Ultimately, this process can contribute to the development of bleeding.
Myoma
An actively growing fibroid is a formation that grows in the uterus. Quite often it happens that this neoplasm is present in the expectant mother even before the conception of the baby. Altered hormonal levels can promote fibroid growth. This is an extremely unfavorable condition.
Myoma can lead to the development of bleeding, which is very dangerous for the baby and the woman herself.
Ectopic pregnancy
Tubal pregnancy is a pathology that can lead to the development of complications. The most dangerous of these is the rupture of the epididymis (tube). An ectopic pregnancy can also lead to heavy bleeding.
The symptoms in this situation develop against the background of absolute well-being. Without timely medical assistance, a woman may even die. Hospitalization in this case is carried out in the gynecological department of the hospital.
Bubble drift
Bubbles can also lead to bleeding. In this case, the course of pregnancy is pathological. In such a situation, a piece of connective tissue develops in place of a small embryo. Scientists have not yet determined the reasons for the development of this state. To remove the components of the ovum, carrying out gynecological surgical treatment.
Spontaneous abortion
Spontaneous abortion is the most dangerous situation that can develop in early pregnancy. It is accompanied, as a rule, by massive bleeding from the genital tract. For some women, the onset of the process is gradual.
First, there are individual blood clots or "smearing" discharge. Usually the rate of onset of symptoms is quite fast. Within a few hours, massive bleeding appears. If it is very pronounced, then the woman may lose consciousness.
Spontaneous abortion is an indication for emergency hospitalization. In this situation, there is a real threat to the life of a woman. In this case, all components of the ovum are removed from the uterine cavity.
At the same time, the woman undergoes urgent infusion therapy with the introduction of parenteral solutions.
At a later date
Improper attachment of the placenta
Bleeding from the genital tract can occur with improper attachment of the placenta. This condition usually develops if it attaches too close to the uterine pharynx. When making movements, a woman may experience pain in the lower third of the abdomen. If the placenta begins to flake off, then the bleeding increases markedly.
Tearing placental blood vessels can also lead to the release of blood from the genital tract. This usually occurs with various traumatic influences.
In this situation, blood streaks first appear, and then massive bleeding begins. In order to keep mom and baby alive, doctors perform urgent surgical treatment.
Infections
Infectious processes that occur in the vagina can lead to an exacerbation of many diseases of the internal genital organs. Pathogenic microbes are capable of provoking this condition.
Erosive forms of diseases are accompanied, as a rule, by the development of bleeding. They are usually insignificant. Such conditions usually occur in the second half and at the last stage of pregnancy.
Varicose veins in the uterus
Varicose veins in the blood vessels of the uterus are a common pathology that contributes to the development of bleeding. Doctors note that it usually manifests itself in women at 35-38 weeks of pregnancy. This is largely due to the fact that a large fetus puts pressure on the varicose nodes of the blood vessels, which can lead to their pathological rupture.
Polyposis
Polyposis is a pathology accompanied by the appearance of numerous polyps in the body. They often grow on the inner wall of the uterus. The active growth of the fetus and its increase in size can lead to the fact that some polyps may simply fall off.
This is usually accompanied by the development of bleeding. This situation is often recorded at 32-34 weeks of gestation. The severity of bleeding depends on the size of the detached polyp.
The final period of pregnancy
Bleeding that occurs in the final period of bearing a baby is extremely dangerous. Placental abruption can be the cause.
Placental abruption
This pathological condition is often triggered by a bacterial infection or inflammation in the uterus.
Symptoms of placental abruption may appear gradually or develop rapidly. It depends on how pronounced the pathological changes are.
In most cases, a woman has severe pain or cramping in the lower abdomen. Blood comes out of the vagina. Usually it is scarlet with an admixture of veins.
The woman's condition is deteriorating. Severe weakness appears, attention begins to dissipate, severe dizziness may appear. With a critical development of the situation, the woman suddenly loses consciousness. The bleeding is usually massive.
Placental abruption is an urgent indication for transporting a woman to a hospital for emergency gynecological treatment. In this situation, it is very important to understand that delay can cost life for both the mother and her baby.
This pathology usually manifests itself at 37-40 weeks of pregnancy. In some women, placental abruption may occur much later. In this case, an urgent emergency treatment is required.
Cork release
Discharge of the mucous plug is a precursor of childbirth. This anatomical structure protects the baby from external factors for many months of his intrauterine development. This situation develops, as a rule, at 38-41 weeks of gestation.
Removal of the mucous plug is usually possible after taking hygiene procedures or when lifting heavy bags of food. This condition is accompanied by the development of bleeding, which can be of varying severity.
Symptoms
Many mothers begin to worry even when the slightest clinical signs appear. A woman starts to panic already when small blood clots appear. The most important thing in this situation is not to panic or worry. Any excitement will immediately be transmitted to the baby.
The appearance of scarlet blood is already an extremely unfavorable sign. The severity of bleeding can be different. In some cases, a woman can lose about a liter of blood. This situation can be fatal.
During bleeding, a woman may experience severe pain syndrome, which is localized mainly in the lower abdomen. In some cases, the pain can be cramping.
Usually, the intensity of the pain syndrome increases over several hours. Soreness often worsens after taking a hot bath or shower. Bleeding can also occur after exercise.
What to do?
When adverse symptoms appear, it is very important to immediately call an ambulance.
If you find blood on your underwear, it is better to immediately limit any exercise. The best position is lying in bed. It is better to have relatives or a husband with the woman all the time. This will allow her to worry less and stay calm.
In some cases, doctors recommend placing a roller or a rolled towel under your feet. This should be done if a woman experiences severe dizziness or “fog” in her eyes. You should not take any strong medications on your own. This can have a negative effect on the fetus.
During the bleeding that has begun, you cannot wash. This can only lead to an increase in this symptom. Hot water has an antispasmodic effect on blood vessels, which only increases bleeding.
For severe bleeding, you can place an ice pack on your lower abdomen. This can only be done in an emergency when the woman has a significant threat to her life.
Fresh air supply is very important... Oxygen will help improve brain function and reduce the likelihood of fainting and loss of consciousness. To do this, it is better to open the window, and summer time - the window. A woman should be in a comfortable and familiar environment for her until the arrival of the ambulance team.
If blood clots appear on the laundry, you can use a regular pad. This should be done before visiting a doctor. This will help protect your laundry from bleeding. You can use a regular pad, which a woman uses during "critical" days.
Doctors do not recommend using tampons when bleeding from the genital tract begins. This can only aggravate the course of the pathology and lead to the development of dangerous complications. A large accumulation of blood in the uterine cavity will become a real threat to the baby.
Some women, in an attempt to stop bleeding, begin to brew and consume nettle leaves and other herbs that have hemostatic effects. This should not be done. Such self-medication can lead to the development of dangerous complications, as it will affect homeostasis.
To stop bleeding at home, it is strictly forbidden to use any hormonal drugs without a doctor's prescription.
Treatment
The onset of bleeding is an absolute indication for transporting the expectant mother to the hospital. This is due to the high threat to both her life and the further development of her baby.
If bleeding has developed in the final period of pregnancy, then there is a high risk that an early delivery will be carried out in the hospital. Such situations occur when it is required to save a woman and her child.
If the expectant mother is delivered to the hospital in critical condition, then she will undergo intensive infusion treatment. In some cases, therapy is carried out in an intensive care unit. In this case, large doses of parenteral solutions are administered to the woman.
During the treatment, doctors must monitor the vital signs of the fetus. For this, its baseline indicators are assessed, with mandatory heart rate control. Any negative dynamics in a baby is a reason for urgent labor, especially in the third trimester of pregnancy.
In the next video you will find a lecture on the topic: "Bleeding during pregnancy. Reasons, obstetric tactics, therapy."
