Drawing is a favorite type of creativity for children. It is with the help of brushes and paints that they can convey their fantasies, even if they still do not know how to speak clearly. And any mother will take care of choosing the right equipment for her child's creative work.
History
Paints for painting have existed for more than one millennium. Even in ancient times, people used paint of the simplest structure. For example, some plants can stain skin and other surfaces. The ancient people used this when creating the first drawings. At their disposal were various mineral pigments, clay, soot. They got their first paints from ocher. In its pure form, it was used to make mixtures of light shades, and charcoal was added to create darker ones.
Later, the paint began to be obtained using animal fats. Over time, our ancestors experimented with mixing different substances. About five thousand years ago, cinnabar appeared, through which red was obtained. Purple paint appeared in Egypt. Lime was used to obtain a white color. In ancient China, watercolors were created, and the Middle Ages is the time of the appearance of oil paints.
Over time, the technology for making paints has not changed much, but the process is improving, new shades, compositions and areas of their application appear.
Kinds
There are a lot of areas of application of paints, so the variety for a particular job is selected taking into account the goals. Let's select several types.
Baby
First of all, children's paints include:
- watercolor... This type is intended for drawing on paper. Watercolors are environmentally friendly and have a wide range of colors. Drawings are bright and light. Artists use watercolors to create sketches or small sketches, illustrations, and children are used to working with these paints in kindergarten, school or at home;
- finger. It can be used from an early age, when the kid still does not know how to hold a brush, and the quality of the drawing does not bother him yet. The main thing is vivid impressions. A child with these paints has the opportunity to create directly with his hands: we dip a finger in water, then in paint and make strokes on paper. The composition contains harmless food colors that have a taste that will discourage crumbs from the desire to try this paint;
- gouache. This type is similar to watercolor. With gouache, you can correct unexpected defects in the drawing, create three-dimensional images. It can be difficult to use because it can be difficult to achieve an even color tone. Dry paint is diluted with water before use.
Professional
As professional art materials (in addition to watercolor and gouache paint) several more varieties are used:
- acrylic. They have bright colors, do not fade, are water resistant, do not fade in the sun, and after drying do not change color and do not form cracks. Available in thick and liquid acrylic. With a thick paint, you can create interesting textures;
- oil. It has a thick consistency and comes in tubes. This type of paint is for experienced artists, requires certain skills and time. Oil paints create the most realistic images of man and nature by obtaining volumetric images;
- tempera. These paints are durable and cannot be washed off with water after drying, but over time they can begin to fade. When applying, you can use any technique, combine with other paints. Tempera is applied to paper, wood, canvas, cardboard, glass, plaster and even concrete;
- sanguine and sepia. Using this type of paint is similar to chalk drawing, as it is produced with small crayons. It can be used for nudity because the color is similar to a person's skin tone. These stain-resistant paints are easy to apply and blend;
- pastel. Gives the picture a certain fabulousness. Available in the form of crayons. Convenient to use.
There are types of paint for drawing with a marker. This is marker paint. When applied to a surface, a coating is created that can be used as a drawing board with a water-based marker. It can be easily wiped off with a dry cloth or sponge.
There are neon paints that glow in the dark. Suitable for concrete, wood, plaster, fabric and other substrates. The scope of this material is very wide: interior design, outdoor advertising, various warning signs.
Fans of graffiti have long been familiar with spray paint. With its help, you can create bright art images on the walls of buildings. In cooking, food colors are popular, used to decorate desserts, for example, for painting on cake icing.
Composition
The chemical composition of all paints includes four main elements:
- dye (pigment);
- binder;
- filler;
- solvent.
Several pigments are used to obtain different colors:
- white (chalk, lime);
- green (lead, chromium);
- yellow (ocher, crowns);
- red (cinnabar, red lead);
- blue (azure, ultramarine).
Both natural and artificial pigments are used to create paints. Mineral and organic dyes stand out among natural ones.
Mineral are highly durable and lightfast. They work well with binders. These pigments are extracted from metals and oxides. Examples of colors:
- purple (manganese);
- blue (cobalt, ultramarine);
- brown (van dik, umber, iron oxides);
- yellow (antimony, ocher, manganese);
- red (oxides of copper and iron, ocher when ignited).
Organic dyes are obtained from plants and insects. These pigments are less durable, dissolve in water, alcohol, and oils. Artificial pigments are characterized by good resistance to moisture, light, gases. These dyes have bright, clear colors and are therefore more popular than natural dyes. Eggs and clay were previously added as binders. Nowadays various hardening oils, polymers, resins are added to them. Thanks to the binding elements, the paint forms a film when it dries:
- Fillers are needed for paints to modify their texture and matte;
- solvents are necessary to make paints easier to use in work: a less viscous composition is easier to pick up on a brush and apply to the surface.
Watercolors include water, vegetable resins, honey or sugar. Watercolors are washable paints, especially if the design was applied to glass. The same applies to gouache, the composition of which is close to watercolor. It differs only in that special whitewash has been added to the gouache, due to which the dried drawing becomes velvety.
Linseed oil is most often the basis of oil paints. The composition of indelible tempera paints includes a water-soluble base, one of the components of which is egg yolk.
The binder of acrylic paints is a polymer substance. Acrylic is also a water-resistant material.
Colors
Nowadays, manufacturers provide a wide selection of various shades. Watercolors, pastels, tempera and gouache paints have a wide range of colors: white, red, yellow, blue, black, green, brown and other shades. Wherein, if the set does not contain the color you need, you can always mix the palettes and get the required.
There are two types of gouache: art and poster. The second has brighter shades, and the first is used by professionals to create realistic images. Among the wide selection of tempera paint colors, you can find examples with glitter. Pearlescent glittery shades are found in the assortment of acrylic paints.
Required tools
A sheet of paper, pencil and paint is not enough for the creative drawing process. You need to stock up on the necessary supplies. What other items are required?
Some people use a tablet for convenience - a small wooden board to which a sheet of paper is attached. You can use the tablet so that, for example, not to damage the table, or if it is inconvenient to work at the table and you want to place a small “canvas”, say, on your lap.
You should definitely get high quality brushes in different sizes. You will need a glass of water to rinse them. If the artist uses oil paints, a thinner will be needed to wipe them off from their hands or arms. Also a necessary tool of the artist is a palette, which is needed to mix colors and get new shades. An experienced, sophisticated artist will need a good canvas and easel to work with, and varnish may also be useful for a finished, dried painting to protect the surface.
Application
If there is a craving for drawing, the use of artistic talent is easy to find. Moreover, nowadays there are so many opportunities. The simplest thing is to draw on paper. This is often done for the soul, in order to escape from heavy thoughts or to relax to some extent. A sheet of paper is a material for creating sketches, sketches. Also, paper is a way to train aspiring artists.
Experienced artists, masters of their craft, as well as students of special educational institutions with an artistic orientation paint pictures on canvas. Painting on wood is a great way to pass the time, as well as give an ordinary thing originality. Let's say a painted pencil holder will decorate a boring desktop.
When creating an interior design, you can give free rein to your imagination and paint the walls of an apartment in the hallway, bedroom or bathroom. In the latter case, you need to use indelible paint. You can also revive the interior with the help of your own painting, but not on the walls, but on the canvas. A bored housewife with a talent for painting could take up painting on fabric, and then place the finished work in a beautiful frame and hang it on the wall.
It would be interesting to use glowing paints in the interior. It would look very impressive. You can paint clothes with the same colors, especially if you want to update your wardrobe with a pair of stylish T-shirts, but you don't want to do this in the usual way. Interesting colorful patterns can be applied to dishes. It is especially good to do this with the whole family or a mother with children. It is not worth reminding how important joint affairs are for rallying family members, especially creative ones.
Painting on glass became commonplace. Drawings on the windows appear in large numbers in winter (on New Year's Eve), when you want to decorate your home in a special way. This applies not only to residential buildings, but also, for example, schools, kindergartens. In the last 15-20 years, body art has become a particularly popular art form. The human body acts as a canvas, and the main idea of the image is achieved with the help of gestures, poses, and applied signs.
A completely harmless variety of this form of painting that children love so much is face painting or face painting. Within a few minutes, the child turns into a kitten, tiger cub, bunny, or simply enjoys a beautiful pattern on his face.
How to choose?
Good quality paints will not be overly cheap and of unknown origin. Look to well-known manufacturers who will not risk their reputation by saving on product quality.
Good paints should not have a pungent smell, should not be dried out. If you choose them for a child, read the composition carefully. There should be no toxic substances.
Pay attention to the expiration date. Expired paints cannot be used.
The choice of color depends on the purpose of use. If you are looking for realistic paintings and vivid images, then natural, rich, but not flashy bright colors will do. If you are creating something in the spirit of Art Nouveau, then bright acrylic, neon shades will suit you. As for the children, It is better to start with a small number of flowers, gradually increasing their number with age (4, 6, 12, 20).
If you want your child to seriously take up his favorite creative work or decide to join painting, do not skimp on materials, buy everything you need, be charged with a good mood and create for the joy of yourself and those around you.
For information on how to choose the right materials for drawing, see the next video.
