Among the most frequently prescribed tests for children is urine analysis. The child encounters such analyzes in the first years of life. Why take it for analysis, how to properly collect material for research and how to evaluate the results?
Kinds
- General urine analysis - the most common study, which is prescribed both for the detection of diseases and for preventive examinations of healthy children.
- According to Nechiporenko - research, which is carried out with suspicion of cystitis, pyelo- or glomerulonephritis. It is based on the counting of leukocytes, casts and erythrocytes in a portion of urine.
- According to Kakovsky-Addis - the analysis is performed to distinguish pyelonephritis from glomerulonephritis, as well as to identify urolithiasis.
- According to Sulkovich - a test that detects calcium salts.
- According to Zimnitsky - an analysis that allows you to assess the work of the kidneys and identify renal failure. For him, urine is collected during the day.
- For tank. sowing - research helps to find an effective antibiotic treatment.
Indications
Depending on the type of analysis, the child may be prescribed to pass urine if:
- He undergoes a preventive examination;
- There are suspicions of kidney and bladder disease;
- The child is suspected of having diabetes.
- The disease of the organs of the excretory system has already been identified and its treatment needs to be adjusted.
How to collect?
To make a general analysis, the child's morning urine is given in a volume of 50-150 ml. If you have to collect it over a long period, store the collected material in a large container in the refrigerator.
For the study according to Nechiporenko, the collection of an average portion of urine is prescribed. The child is asked to start urinating down the toilet, then into a container for collecting urine, and finally back into the toilet.
In adult children
The child is given a toilet of the genitals without the use of disinfectants or antibacterial agents. Then he is offered to urinate in the toilet, and part of the urine enters the container (most often, the middle portion is collected). Collecting into a pot and then pouring into a container may lead to inaccurate results with an excess of leukocytes. You should also make sure that no fecal particles get into the urine.
In babies
Collecting urine from very young children can be difficult. Mom should be aware that most babies urinate immediately after feeding, so you need to prepare a container in which it will be collected in advance.
Collecting urine from boys is quite simple - you just need to immerse the penis in a container and wait a little. To collect urine from the girl, use a saucer, which must be rinsed with boiling water.
Now there are special urine bags with which the procedure is even easier.
What is being analyzed?
Through urine tests, you can find out:
- Her physical performance. These include its color, transparency and density, as well as the presence of odor and acidity.
- The content of biochemical substances. During the analyzes, the presence of glucose, bilirubin, protein, bile acids, ketone bodies is assessed.
- Sediment microscopic data. Under a microscope, the number of blood cells (erythrocytes and leukocytes), epithelial cells, the presence of microorganisms, mucus, and salts is assessed.
What is a good test?
Good can be called light yellow transparent urine with a pH in the range of 4-7, in which there is no glucose, ketone bodies, protein, salts, bacteria or bilirubin, and erythrocytes, epithelial cells, casts and leukocytes are represented by single cells in the field of view.
Which test is considered bad?
It is possible to determine that the urine test will be bad during collection, as color changes and turbidity can be noticed. Also, a large number of leukocytes, erythrocytes, cylinders and epithelial cells are referred to as unfavorable indicators. The doctor will be alerted by the presence of protein, bilirubin, ketone bodies, glucose, bacteria, fungi, urobilinogen, hemoglobin and salts in the analysis results.
