The birth of a child is one of the most significant events in life. And many couples prepare for it in advance. If future parents take care of family planning and pass a number of tests, the likelihood of a successful pregnancy and the birth of a healthy child will increase several times.
THE FULL LIST OF ANALYSIS CAN BE DOWNLOADED AND PRINTED FROM OUR YANDEX DISK -
It is no secret that many children born were not planned by their parents. However, every year the number of couples who are serious about conceiving a child increases. The better the potential parents are prepared, the more chances that the expectant mother will easily endure the pregnancy and give birth to a healthy baby. In order to determine how much future parents are ready for conception, it is necessary to pass a number of tests and visit several doctors.
What tests should a woman take before pregnancy?
Family planning for a woman begins with a visit to the gynecologist's office. You will significantly help the doctor if you remember all your illnesses and calculate the duration of your menstrual cycle before taking it. Don't forget to bring your medical card. The information provided will help the doctor draw up a complete picture of the examination.
So, the list of analyzes:
- Gynecologist - consultation with a gynecologist is very important, this is a profiling doctor who will manage the entire pregnancy.
- Dentist - timely examination of the oral cavity and treatment of diseased teeth will eliminate the risk of a dangerous infection.
- Otolaryngologist. Diseases of the ENT organs are also dangerous and even in a chronic form will be a constant source of infection.
- Cardiologist. An additional load on the cardiovascular system of a woman during pregnancy and childbirth can harm if there are diseases or pathologies in this area.
- Allergist.
- vaginal smear for flora;
- general, biochemical blood test;
- general urine analysis;
- scraping from the cervix for PCR research;
- scraping cytology;
- thyroid hormones;
- Ultrasound of the mammary and thyroid glands, pelvic organs to exclude the presence of pathology;
- the presence of antibodies to toxoplasmosis, herpes virus, rubella, cytomegalovirus, human papillomavirus;
- antibodies to HIV, syphilis, gonococcus, mycoplasma, gardnerella;
- antibodies to E. coli, staphylococcus;
- blood clotting test;
- analysis for hepatitis B and C;
- HIV analysis;
- analysis for syphilis;
- PCR for latent infections;
- colposcopy;
- PCR study of scrapings made from the cervix - for the presence of pathogens of herpes, cytomegalovirus, chlamydia, mycoplasmosis, ureaplasmosis;
- study of the level of thyroid hormones TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone of the pituitary gland, which regulates the function of the thyroid gland), T3 (thyroxine), T4 (triiodothyronine).
1. First of all, you will be examined on a chair and a colposcopy will be performed. This is a diagnostic examination using a special device - a colposcope. With this procedure and taking a cytological smear, the condition of the cervix is assessed. The main task before planning a child is to eliminate the sources of infection and the cause of inflammatory diseases. Therefore, you will be given several directions for testing and ultrasound diagnostics.
2. The standard list of tests before pregnancy includes a general analysis of urine and blood. The first analysis reflects the general condition of the body and allows you to identify diseases of the genitourinary tract. A blood test determines the level of hemoglobin and helps to track the inflammatory processes occurring in the body. Also, a blood test for sugar, a biochemical blood test is required, which allows you to assess the work of the most important organs and a coagulogram. The last analysis determines blood clotting.
3. PCR diagnostics of infections is one of the most necessary procedures. This is a blood test for many dangerous infections that pose a considerable danger to the development and life of the fetus.
One of the most important components of preparation for conception is checking the body for the presence of TORCH infections. The abbreviation TоRCH is derived from the most dangerous infectious diseases for a child: toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma), rubella (Rubella), cytomegalovirus (Cytomegalovirus) and genital herpes (Herpes). If at least one of the listed pathogens is found in a woman during pregnancy, then most likely she will have to have an abortion. And if pregnancy has not yet occurred, conception should be postponed until recovery.
The results of PCR diagnostics will clarify whether you are sick with other diseases:
- ureaplasmosis;
- gardnerellosis;
- chlamydia;
- mycoplasmosis.
If you are not sure that you had rubella in childhood, be sure to get tested to find out if there is a risk of infection during pregnancy. The disease can lead to intrauterine fetal malformations. If you have already suffered rubella, you can safely plan a child. If you have never had it, it is better to be vaccinated to avoid infection during gestation. Pregnancy is allowed three months after the vaccine was administered.
4. Ultrasound of the pelvic organs reveals diseases and pathological processes that prevent conception and the normal course of pregnancy. The study is scheduled for 5-7 and 21-23 days of the cycle. At the first stage, the general condition of the pelvic organs is assessed.
At the second stage, the transformation of the endometrium and the presence of a corpus luteum (whether ovulation has occurred) is determined. During an ultrasound scan, doctors often diagnose problems that require surgical intervention: an ovarian cyst, uterine myoma, polyp of the uterine mucosa.
5. Your blood will be tested for such dangerous diseases as hepatitis B (HbSAg), hepatitis C (HCV), HIV and syphilis (RW).
6. It is necessary to find out the group and the Rh factor of the blood of both the woman and her husband. A positive Rh factor in a wife and a negative one in a husband is not cause for concern. But if, according to the results of blood tests, a negative Rh is found in the expectant mother, and in a man - positive, then with the onset of pregnancy, a Rh conflict is possible.
This is especially true for women who have ever undergone a blood transfusion, pregnancy, abortion or other surgical operation, because the likelihood of the formation of specific antibodies in their blood increases. An Rh-positive baby and a Rh-negative mother can have a Rh conflict, leading to immune complications such as hemolytic disease of the newborn.
With a negative Rh of a woman, a positive Rh of a man and in the absence of a Rh antibody titer, Rh immunization is performed before pregnancy. Conflict by blood group is less common, but doctors must take this fact into account.
7. The next important criterion for assessing a woman's reproductive ability is to determine the concentration of hormones in her blood. Hormone tests are optional. The examination can be prescribed for menstrual irregularities, overweight, unsuccessful attempts to conceive a child for more than a year and previous pregnancies with an unsuccessful outcome.
The doctor will determine the specific list of hormones for which you will need to be tested based on your circumstances and health condition. Most hormones are tested on days 5-7 and days 21-23 of the cycle. This list may include:
- prolactin, which affects ovulation;
- testosterone, a high level of which can cause miscarriage;
- DHEA sulfate, on which the work of the ovaries depends;
- progesterone, which is responsible for maintaining pregnancy;
- estradiol, which determines the development of the uterus, fallopian tubes and endometrium;
- prolactin, which is responsible for the ovulation process;
- thyroid hormones that regulate metabolism;
- luteinizing hormone (LH), which affects ovulation.
8. Preparation for conceiving a child will be incomplete without researching a potential expectant mother for factors of miscarriage. To do this, they take tests that determine the content of antibodies to cardiolipin, chorionic gonadotropin, phospholipids and reveal a lupus anticoagulant.
9. A comprehensive examination ends with a visit to an ENT doctor, dentist and therapist. Your ENT doctor will determine if you have chronic throat, nose and ear conditions. It should not be allowed that acute respiratory infections and acute respiratory viral infections, which are difficult for mom, do not disrupt the development of the fetal nervous system.
During pregnancy, it is difficult to carry out full dental treatment, and at the same time, infections in the oral cavity provoke inflammatory processes. Therefore, it is ideally necessary to solve dental problems before a woman is in a position.
General urine and blood tests should be shown to a therapist. Based on the research and examination, the specialist will make a conclusion about your state of health. You may be assigned additional diagnostics and appropriate treatment.
What tests should a man take
The woman has to bear the unborn child. Nevertheless, half of the genetic material that a baby receives belongs to a man. Not all husbands like to visit doctors, so a wife can reassure her husband that taking tests and visiting a clinic for a man is much faster and easier.
What the future father will need to pass:
- General analysis of blood and urine, which determine the state of health, the presence of infectious and inflammatory diseases in the body.
- Determination of blood group and Rh factor to identify the possibility of Rh-conflict between mother and fetus.
- A blood test for sexually transmitted diseases. If a man is infected with any infection, he needs to be cured before conception.
- Additional studies prescribed by a doctor. These may include a hormonal blood test, semen analysis (semen analysis), and prostate secretion analysis. If all tests are normal, and the pregnancy does not occur, the man will have to be tested for the compatibility of the spouses.
When you may need to visit a geneticist
Genetic tests should be done by married couples:
- having hereditary diseases in the family (mental illness, hemophilia, Duchenne myopathy, diabetes mellitus and others);
- where a man and a woman are in adulthood, because aging chromosome cells increase the risk of pathology during the formation of an embryo;
- whose relatives suffer from mental and physical retardation for no apparent external reason;
- who have already had two or more regressive pregnancies;
- in whom the child has a hereditary disease.
If there is a good reason for genetic testing, you should not neglect a visit to a geneticist. Remember that hereditary diseases can occur over several generations in your child.
If the test results are normal, you can safely start preparing for conception. All parents-to-be are advised not to smoke, drink alcohol, take medications, go to the bathhouse and take care of their health for several months. Eat a healthy diet and take vitamins. Planning a pregnancy means taking care of your unborn baby!
THE FULL LIST OF ANALYSIS CAN BE DOWNLOADED AND PRINTED FROM OUR YANDEX DISK -
The obstetrician talks in detail about preparing women for pregnancy. There is a list of tests that must be taken before pregnancy: STDs, Torch infections, hormones, vaginal candidiasis. It is also necessary to visit a dentist, gynecologist, therapist, etc. Observe the rules of personal hygiene and lead a healthy lifestyle.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6fBAOO4cBq8
Where do you need to start planning pregnancy for future parents in order to reduce the risk of having an unhealthy baby? You need to start with yourself, with your way of life. It is optimal to undergo a medical examination 2-3 months before the planned conception. The scope of the examination at the stage of pregnancy planning is selected individually, based on the age of the parents, the presence of chronic diseases, heredity, etc. Therefore, the examination plan when planning pregnancy is selected individually.
