How to teach a child to read by syllables at home?

In the modern world, parents have to deal with the need to teach their child to read at home. Not always in kindergarten children can learn this. Collective activities are not always fully assimilated by the baby. Additional classes with teachers are quite expensive, not everyone can afford them. Therefore, parents try to do it at home.

Early reading implications and developmental stages

Nowadays, many strive to start developing and educating their children as early as possible. However, this approach can be not only useless, but also harmful to the health of the child. The results of an early start of training may not affect immediately. They can appear several years later and come to light in a completely unexpected form: stuttering, tics, obsessive movements, neuroses.

In order to understand why there are such consequences, you need to know about the main stages of development and formation of the child.

From the very beginning of pregnancy until the baby reaches 3 years of age, the basis for his future physical and mental health is formed. At this time, the emotional sphere is actively formed, and also the child's body and his cognitive interests are developing at an accelerated pace.
From the age of three to 5-8 years, there is an active development of the sense organs: hearing, sight, smell, touch, taste buds. Up to 5-6 years, the ciliary muscle of the eye, which is responsible for visual acuity, is strengthened. That is why, ophthalmologists do not recommend giving heavy loads on the eyes during this period, it is dangerous to develop myopia.
At the age of 7 to 15, the child's conscious psyche is actively developing.

All of these factors need to be considered in order to avoid negative early learning outcomes.

At what age it is worth teaching a child to read, see the next video.

Preliminary preparation

It is necessary to start preparing the child for reading long before the learning process. It is necessary to actively develop the child's phonemic hearing and sense of rhythm. These are essential ingredients for learning to read successfully.

Sense of rhythm

You can begin to develop a sense of rhythm even during pregnancy. Sing lullabies to the baby who is still in the womb, with this the expectant mother will contribute to the development of his sense of rhythm. The baby will remember their rhythmic pattern and, being born, will calm down much faster to the sounds that he has already heard. You can not only hum lullabies, but also recite poetry, stroke your stomach, observing the rhythm of the performance.

In infancy and early age, a child can read nursery rhymes, jokes. While reading, pat it, stroke it, clap it with small hands, throw it on your knees, stomp your feet at a given pace. Such simple games with the baby will greatly contribute to the development of his sense of rhythm. You can also use small singing songs, combine them with massage. Starting at 4 months old, you can combine songs with rhythmic movements. As an example, you can use the song “We were swinging on a swing. Rock, swing, swing, swing! " Combine humming a song and swaying your baby at a set pace. Teach your baby to dance, move to the tunes that are unlike each other - waltz, polka, march.

Use "sounding gestures" of the body: claps, loud and quiet spanking on the body, stomping, snapping fingers not only in the air, but also on the body. Teach your child to knock with various objects: spoons, cubes, toys. When he can walk on his own, you can start rhythmic gymnastics.

Develop a sense of rhythm through speech. Slap and stomp words, poems, songs, nursery rhymes in the rhythm of reading. Long syllables will be infrequent claps, short syllables frequent. Use the smoothness of hand movement. Learn to reproduce the rhythmic pattern you have drawn. Use the simplest musical instruments: rattles, maracas, bells, drum, spoons, metallophone, metal triangle.

All these simple games will not only be interesting and fun for the child, but will also be great in developing a sense of rhythm.

Phonemic hearing

With the help of phonemic hearing, or speech, we distinguish and recognize sounds, perceive their sequence in a word, understand the meaning of what is spoken, distinguish words that are similar in sound composition. If he is not sufficiently developed, then the baby will have problems in the pronunciation of sounds, in speech development, in the ability to build coherent stories, the skills of literate writing and reading will not be developed.

You can start developing a verbal hearing in a baby from the moment it is born. Talk to him, pronounce the sounds that he utters and which he does not yet know how to pronounce. Sing him songs for children and lullabies, read poems, nursery rhymes.

The period that is very important in the development of speech hearing is the age from six months to two years. But its final formation ends by the age of 7, when the child's speech becomes similar to that of an adult.

Useful activities for the period from 6 months to 2 years:

When the baby gets older, you can invite him to “listen to the silence” by closing his eyes. Let him then tell you about the sounds that he heard (ticking, dripping water, noise from neighbors), and then compare them with the sounds that were heard by you.
Invite your child to find the sound. To do this, hide any thing that makes a sound and let him find it. You can play blind man's buff, blindfold and ring the bell.
Show how different objects sound (knocking a spoon, hitting a ball on the floor, rustling polyethylene, rustling paper sheets, creaking a door, something falling on the floor). After that, blindfold the child and ask him to guess which object is making a sound. Play like this with musical instruments.
Make noise-making toys with your child. To do this, fill small jars with various loose objects (sand, stones, semolina, millet, beans, small metal objects). Make a pair of each type. Then ask your baby to close his eyes and make some noise. Let the child find a pair, a jar with the same filling.

Games to develop a sense of rhythm can help in the development of phonemic hearing:

Play the game "Loud-Quiet". For loud words or the sound of some objects, agree to perform one action, for a quiet sound - other actions.
Find what you need. For the game, choose words with similar sounds (dot-night) and the corresponding pictures to them. Name the item, and your baby should find it in the picture as soon as possible.
Ask your child to clap or stomp only when you name the object correctly. Make a mistake in pronunciation, replace the first letter: grill, drilavok, trilavok, counter, srilavok ...
Let the kid find mistakes: We lit the lamb (candle). A house (catfish) was floating in the river.
Agree to pronounce only the same syllables, and if you make a mistake, the child says "stop", claps or stomps. Ra-ra-ra-ra-ra-ba-ra-ra.
Use onomatopoeia to develop phonemic hearing. Ask to tell how a cat, a dog speaks, how a fly, a mosquito fly ...
"Whose House". For the game, draw houses with a different number of windows (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7). Choose words with the appropriate number of sounds (mind, mouth, tiger, mouse, magpie, gift). Explain that each word has its own house and in order to find it, you need to count the number of windows in the house and the number of sounds in the word. For one sound - one window.
"Runaway letter". Ask the kid to guess which letter escaped: _crown, _agon, _sparrow, _arene, _arm. (The letter B escaped).

Develop your phonemic hearing with educational games. Many of these games can be played not only at home, but also in a long line, on a walk, during a trip.

It is good if you teach your child to divide words into syllables early. How to do this, tells the teacher Svetlana Orochko in the next video.

How do you know if your child is ready to learn to read?

You can understand whether your baby is ready to learn to read if you analyze a number of factors:

the child builds coherent stories, does not get confused, composing sentences, the speech is meaningful and intelligible;
he pronounces all sounds, has no speech therapy problems;
his hearing is all right;
development of phonemic hearing at the proper level;
has landmarks in space, can show where left-right, top-bottom.
is interested in literature and maybe even asks you to teach him to read.

If all of these factors are present, then you can start learning to read.

Choosing a teaching method

If earlier everyone used only the traditional method, now there are many of them. You need to be responsible when choosing the right program, because each of them has not only advantages, but also its disadvantages. Teaching according to the Tyulenev method, Zaitsev's cubes, Glen Doman's teaching method and his flashcards - all these fashionable methods that have not yet had long-term studies.

You can often find that a child can read as early as 3-4 years old. However, this can be very unpleasant for speech therapists, teachers and neurologists. Children whose parents' choice fell on memorizing syllables may have problems with sound-letter parsing of words. Pupils studying in an unconventional way may have difficulty dividing words into syllables, "swallowing" the endings of words. Retraining such children is much more difficult for teachers than learning from scratch.

From the side of neurology, problems with hyperactivity, increased excitability may appear. The socialization of a child can be very difficult. Reading can be mechanical. The child quickly composes words from syllables, can perfectly read sentences, but at the same time absolutely does not understand what he has read.

For more information on choosing a technique, see the next video.

Learning letters

It is worth starting to study letters with the vowels "a", "o", "y", "e", "s", "and". Tell your child why these letters are called vowels. They can be sung in a voice, consonants cannot be sung.

After studying the vowels, we begin to learn voiced consonants - "m", "l", "n". It is necessary that the child fixes his attention precisely on the letter, its graphic writing, and not the picture associated with it (A - Stork, B - hippopotamus).

After a child has carefully studied vowels and voiced consonants, you can begin to learn voiceless consonants ("t", "p", and others) and hissing "w", "w", "h", "u".

Remember, never use their names when studying letters. The child needs to memorize letters with sounds. No "ER", "DE", "EM", etc., only "R", "D", "M". It is still difficult for the kid to understand that if the letter is called "EM", then why is it not read in the word MAMA. He will read EMAEMA.

Use educational games to memorize letters, sculpt them from salt dough and plasticine, paint, construct them from wire, counting sticks, matches, draw letters on the child's palm, use a magnetic alphabet. Watch video tutorials, look for the learned letters everywhere: in books, newspapers, on store signs, billboards.

Reinforce previously learned material each time. When studying the letter, be sure to remember those that the baby already knows.

Be calm and patient. Even adults are not given anything right away. Understand that the world of letters is very difficult for a toddler. If today he cannot remember the letter that he studied yesterday, then it is necessary not to scold him for it, but to repeat it again, and be sure to remember it the next day. Repeat the material covered until the child becomes familiar with it.

Learning to read syllables correctly

You need to start learning the addition of letters almost immediately. After you have learned the vowels and a pair of consonants, you can already merge syllables.

It is very accessible for children how syllables are formed from letters, described in "Primer" by N. Zhukova.

A cheerful boy runs from letter to letter. The first sound lasts until it reaches the second. Instead of a cheerful boy, you can use any favorite child's toy. It can be a boat sailing from one port to port; a bear cub traveling from one letter to another; a machine that moves from one parking lot to another ... There are many options, the kid himself can suggest the plot.

Begin learning to read syllables with a combination of two vowels: AAAUUU, OOOUUU. When the child understands how to connect sounds, move on to syllables with a consonant + vowel combination (BA, YES, NO). Learn the letter and add syllables with it. It will be more difficult for a child to add syllables with hissing consonants (JU, JA, CHA). This will be the next step in learning.

After the child learns how to add open syllables (consonant + vowel), move on to closed (vowel + consonant). You can please the kid that he has learned to read words (AH, OH, YES, UZH).

At the initial stage of learning to read syllables, ask your child to sing them, so he will not pronounce individual sounds. Chanting will help you learn to read syllables together. Always repeat what you learned earlier. You can use ready-made video tutorials or presentations. This will add a touch of variety to your activities.

For an example of how letters need to be combined into syllables, see the next video.

How to teach to read syllables correctly?

After the child has memorized all the letters and learned to read syllables, it is time to learn to read syllables.

Suggest simple words to read at first: MOM, FRAME, SOAP, BABA, MILA. Monitor your child's pronunciation. Teach him to read 3 letter words: CHEESE, CAT, HOUSE, ROT. Later, move on to reading words with 3 or more syllables: CROW, FORTY, MILK. Choose words for reading that refer to specific objects or actions.

After your toddler is able to read individual words, start reading simple sentences. RO-MA SOAP RA-MU. MA-MA WE-LA MI-LU. I AND RO-MA - MO-LOD-TSY. Pay attention to the fact that the child pauses between words, sentences, observes the rhythm and intonation coloring. During this period, you can explain to the child what punctuation marks are and what they are for. It is necessary to talk about the question and exclamation marks, how the dot differs from the comma, that the sentence contains a complete thought.

How to teach a child to read fluently?

Word-by-word reading is characterized by the fact that it takes children a lot of time and effort. The child first reads the word by syllable, then combines the syllables into a word. If he reads a sentence, then these processes occur with every word from him. Only then he combines words into sentences and can understand its meaning. As a result, when reading a small text, a young reader cannot always reveal its meaning. There is no holistic perception of the text.

The next step in learning will be to read familiar simple words in a holistic manner, but the child will continue to read more complex words syllables. At this time, he can make many mistakes when reading, because he begins to guess the words, replace the endings in them. It is very important not to miss this moment. If you notice a large number of errors in reading, you need to slow down. This is done so that frequent return to what has already been read to correct errors does not lead to regression of eye movements.

Only after passing through this stage, the child learns to read holistically, fluently. At the same time, the rate of reading increases, and errors become rare.

In order for a child to learn to read fluently, you need to pay attention to:

development of random access memory (information is stored in memory for the time it takes to complete a task, achieve a goal);
widening the angle of view;
development of attention;
inadmissibility of regressing eye movements;
expansion of vocabulary;
good development of articulation.

Repeated reading training will help you a lot in building your fluency. Do not force the child to read for a long time, let him read for 5 minutes and rest. Such reading five-minutes during the day can be arranged several times. Visual dictations will provide invaluable help. They are very good at helping to develop RAM. Reading tongue twisters and expressive reading will help in the formation of the skill of fluent reading.

For the development of RAM, the child can be offered to play the following games:

Consider the picture with the objects depicted on it for 30 seconds - 1 minute. We close it and ask the kid to name the objects or write them down. By the same principle, you can place several objects (about 10) on the table and allow them to be examined. After that, ask the crumbs to turn away and remove 2 items or swap them with each other. Ask your child to name the items that have been removed or tell what has changed.
The game "Find the same cards" can help. All cards are turned upside down. The child opens a couple of cards one by one and looks for the same ones. The winner is the one with the most collected pairs.
For a few seconds, offer to look at the picture, and then removing it, ask the child to tell as much as possible about what was depicted.

To expand the child's angle of view, the use of Schulte tables will be very effective.

The following games can help you develop attention:

Find a picture. Several bright, colorful pictures are laid out in front of the player. You need to show as quickly as possible to the picture that the presenter calls. The game will be more interesting if there are 2 or 3 players. Whoever showed the desired picture faster takes it for himself.
"Cross out the letter." The child is offered a piece of paper with letters written on it. Within a few seconds, he must cross out all the letters on the sheet that the adult said (For example, APIGPYYOPARTAABDRLTSA - Cross out the letter A). The time that is given for strikethrough is determined based on the number of letters on the sheet.
"Clap when you hear" Various words are spoken to the child at a fast pace. He needs to clap his hands when he hears a word on a given topic. Themes can be offered differently each time: vegetables, fruits, wild animals, pets, dishes ...

Reading with a closed part of the read text helps to avoid regressive eye movements. Each word read is immediately closed with a ruler, bookmark or sheet of paper.

Here are just a few games that will help your child learn to read fluently. Rely on them and come up with your own, adjusting to the wishes of the child.

See the next program for important information for mastering speed reading.

Important Tips for Parents

Start learning to read only when the child is psychologically ready for it. This can happen in all children at different ages. Some will be ready to study by age 4, and some only at age 6-7.
Teach only in a playful way. It is still very difficult for a preschooler to perceive and assimilate information about another preschooler. There will be no effect from boring activities.
Don't force. This can discourage reading.
Lead by example. Children always imitate their parents.
Teach your child about the importance of reading.
Choose your teaching method responsibly.
Exercise every day. The regularity of classes is very important.
Do not overstate the requirements for the child. Act only according to his capabilities.
Don't compare your child to anyone else.
Dose the suggested information.
Reinforcement of what has been learned is very important in teaching reading.
Use different ways of presenting information.
Show patience, kindness, and love for your child.
Reward your baby for success.
Go from simple to complex.
Teach your child wherever circumstances permit.
Read to your child yourself. It is still very difficult for him to read on his own, and his love of reading must be maintained.